Ask what was actually measured
An advertisement may discuss a biological pathway, a measured biomarker or a health outcome. These are different kinds of statements. Evidence for one does not automatically demonstrate the others.
Look for the actual ingredient, route, population, comparison group and outcome in the research. A study title alone does not tell you whether the findings apply to the product being sold.
Keep uncertainty in the picture
Small or short studies may help answer a limited question without establishing a long-term benefit. Animal or laboratory findings are not the same as demonstrated results in people.
A provider can offer a convenient service and still make claims that need a closer look. We assess the practical offer separately from the strength of the medical evidence.
Choose questions over guarantees
Ask what evidence supports the specific claim, what remains uncertain and what downsides matter in your situation. A qualified clinician can help put those questions in context.
Our preference is for a clear explanation of the limits over an impressive promise without the details.
Sources & further reading
Use this guide to prepare your questions. Personal treatment decisions belong in a conversation with your qualified clinician.